Abstract—The patch antennas are considered one of the widespread antennas that are extensively utilized due to their capability to combine and unite with various devices, and their manufacturing cost is low, in addition to their low weight. On the other hand, in contrast to these advantages, these antennas are tainted by their narrow bandwidth and low efficiency, in addition to their weak gain. The use of high frequencies such as 60-GHz for indoor uses and the future of the next generation of wireless communications allows users to obtain a high data transfer speed of up to many gigabits per second but at the expense of losses in this frequency band, which must be rationed as much as possible through the antenna design. In this article, a Microstrip Patch (MP) antenna with the rectangular patch shape will be simulating and improved for 60-GHz applications based on graphene material. This material has amazing and unique characteristics one of which is the variable surface impedance which can be tuned via practised DC voltage on the material layer. This property allows constructing the tunable antennas that are considered as a good solution to eliminate the narrow bandwidth of the MP antennas. The introduced antenna structure comprises of fully copper radiated patch inside it two graphene slots are inserted, a substrate with 2.2 relative permittivity and 0.1 mm thickness, and a fully copper ground plane. The suggested antennas design is done by using the finite integration that is offered by the CST software. The obtained gain results for the simulated antenna is diverse among 6.19-4.6dBi for both states of the surface impedance (i.e. low graphene surface impedance and high graphene surface impedance).
 

Index Terms—5G, CST, MP antenna, graphene, tunable antenna, 60-GHz

Cite: Saif Ali Mahdi Alwazzan, Ali Abdullah Khamees, and Mustafa Al-Rubaye, "Designing and Simulating of Tunable Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Communications Utilising Graphene Material," Journal of Communications vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 280-286, April 2022. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.17.4.280-286