Abstract—The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnected framework of web-connected objects that can collect and transfer information over a remote network without requiring any human intervention. The rapid progression in the development of IoT-based devices and their expansion towards making the medical care facility financially more savvy, proactive, and customized, has given rise to the development of the "Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)" that are assumed to function proactively in all domains of the healthcare industry. Within this framework, the IoMT-based healthcare system delivers various advantages, such as quick and unfailing treatment, enhanced communication, cost minimization, etc., through the exploitation of several new technologies. For instance, machine learning has significantly helped with the exploitation of various healthcare systems; fog computing not only minimises the cost of communication but also provides low latency; blockchain delivers its users a much better way of protecting sensitive and confidential information and data they possess. In this survey, a comprehensive elaboration of the IoMT-based healthcare systems based on modern technologies was conducted. This article describes various techniques and solutions of IoMT healthcare systems in the context of emerging technologies, and the related future trends and applications for a better understanding of how IoMT can enhance the healthcare industry now and in future.

Index Terms—IoMT healthcare, fog computing, Blockchain, machine learning, H-IoT, edge computing, internet of medical things.

Cite: Naeem Ali Askar, Adib Habbal, Alaa Hamid Mohammed, Mohd Samsu Sajat, Ziyodulla Yusupov, and Dilshod Kodirov, "Architecture, Protocols, and Applications of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)," Journal of Communications vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 900-918, November 2022. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.17.11.900-918

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