Home > Published Issues > 2025 > Volume 20, No. 1, 2025 >
JCM 2025 Vol.20(1): 38-47
Doi: 10.12720/jcm.20.1.38-47

Analysis of Spatial Correlation Characteristics and Electrodynamic Performance of MIMO Antennas Based on Fractal Geometry

Bagdat Kozhakhmetova1,2*, Beibit Karibayev3, Timur Namazbayev3, and Kuanysh Alipbayev1
1Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Almaty Univ. of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after G. Daukeyev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2Department of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, International Information Technologies University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Email: kozhahmetova.ba@gmail.com (B.K.); beibitkaribaev7@gmail.com (B.K.); timur.namazbayev@gmail.com (T.N.); k.alipbayev@aues.kz (K.A.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received September 28, 2024; revised November 19, 2024; accepted December 10, 2024; published February 8, 2025.

Abstract—This paper presents the spatial correlation characteristics and electrodynamic performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas based on wire dipole antennas constructed using Minkowski Fractal (MF), Koch Fractal (KF), Zhanabayev’s Anisotropic Fractal (AF) forms and investigates a comparative analysis of fractal antennas with a classical antenna array utilizing a Half-Wave Dipole (HWD) radiating element. The research examines the influence of the fractal dimension on the physical dimensions of the antenna array and its effect on the electrodynamic performance and spatial correlation characteristics of the antennas under consideration. The analysis of key electrodynamic performance encompasses the examination of parameters such as the return loss coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Radiation Patterns (RP), and beamwidth of the radiation pattern. The spatial correlation characteristic evaluated through the assessment of the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC). The results obtained from computer simulation and experimental data present a similar pattern. The Koch-based fractals and Zhanabayev’s anisotropic fractal demonstrate higher matching characteristics, with S11 values of −16.69 dB and −10.12 dB, respectively. The investigation of spatial correlation characteristics reveals that the Koch fractal demonstrate the lowest envelope correlation coefficient values when the elements of the linear antenna array are arranged in-line and parallel.

Keywords—Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), envelope correlation coefficient, fractal dimension, Zhanabayev’s anisotropic fractal, return loss


Cite: Bagdat Kozhakhmetova, Beibit Karibayev, Timur Namazbayev, and Kuanysh Alipbayev, “Analysis of Spatial Correlation Characteristics and Electrodynamic Performance of MIMO Antennas Based on Fractal Geometry," Journal of Communications, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 38-47, 2025.

Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).